No material, but there are devices that can do this function. They are extensively used in optical telecommunication.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_isolator

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_circulator

The company I worked for at the turn of the century was a major manufacturer of such things and I had to deal with many patents and inventions in the area.

You'd have to describe your setup more precisely. These are devices usually attached to optical fibre inputs and outputs. Internally they require forming a collimated beam, splitting it into two beams with orthogonal polarisations, passing both through a sequence of crystals having large Verdet constants to get Faraday effect polarisation rotations, and then recombining the two beams and coupling back into the output fibre.

They don't have any dependence on the coherence of the light or its polarisation (if you make them right). They operate over a fairly broad spectral range. They will have some power limitations set by the materials used.

That is generally what these things are used for in fibre systems, where back reflections destabilise the lasers.

But you want something to put in a large high power beam rather than a fibre waveguide, so I gather. Briefly - my advice would be ... no. Too expensive, complex and fragile.

The good news might be that if you know what the wavelength and polarisation are you can get away without a nonreciprocal device. You could use a quarter-wave plate (q.v.)

This will keep reflections out of your laser. It won't work in the manner you describe, though. All these devices rotate the polarisation of the reflection so that you can keep it out of the laser. If you want to send it back into the cavity you go through the device again, which does another rotation, so that on the next pass the reflected light is returned to the original polarisation state and can get out of the cavity and into the laser.

Gut feel tells me that what you want to do violates the Brightness Theorem, and therefore the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

As I said, I think the whole idea violates the second law of thermodynamics by way of the brightness theorem.

I had seen that abstract before writing my previous post, to which I still adhere.

Very droll...

Miroshnichenko establishes the formula for the probability of a single - and no longer multiple - photon transition from a bound state of a quantum system to a state of continuous spectrum, using the so-called Markov approximation. This makes it possible to select the exposure time and the beam's intensity to obtain a narrow stripe in the photoresist on the substrate.

(from the referenced article).

Wow. It's tricky enough getting multiphoton processes to work. If you have to control exposure that closely it will be interesting to see if it can be made practical.

The stated application was photolithography.

Differences in refraction across the lens, as well as imperfections in its shape and materials, all contribute to some of those light rays, especially those entering the lens near its outer edges, missing the target. It’s a phenomenon known as spherical aberration

No.

Seems to be what it purports to be - a formula that removes spherical aberration.